CentOS7安装MariaDB

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摘要

CentOS 6 或早期的版本中提供的是 MySQL 的服务器/客户端安装包，但 CentOS 7 已使用了 MariaDB 替代了默认的 MySQL。MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

全部删除MySQL/MariaDB

MySQL 已经不再包含在 CentOS 7 的源中，而改用了 MariaDB;

删除现有软件包

使用rpm -qa | grep mariadb搜索 MariaDB 现有的包：

如果存在，使用rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-*全部删除：

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[admin@dev ~]$ rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[admin@dev ~]$ rpm -e mysql-*
error: package mysql-* is not installed
[admin@dev ~]$

清理MySQL

使用rpm -qa | grep mariadb搜索 MariaDB 现有的包：

如果存在，使用yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51全部删除；

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[admin@dev ~]$ sudo yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51
[sudo] password for admin:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
No Match for argument: mysql
No Match for argument: mysql-server
No Match for argument: compat-mysql51
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================
 Package               Arch            Version                 Repository          Size
========================================================================================
Removing:
 mariadb-libs          x86_64          1:5.5.56-2.el7          @anaconda          4.4 M
Removing for dependencies:
 postfix               x86_64          2:2.10.1-6.el7          @anaconda           12 M

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Remove  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Installed size: 17 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64                                        1/2
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64                                   2/2
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64                                   1/2
  Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64                                        2/2

Removed:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                                                    

Dependency Removed:
  postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7                                                         

Complete!
[admin@dev ~]$ rpm -qa|grep mariadb
[admin@dev ~]$

配置MariaDB

开始新的安装, 创建MariaDB.repo文件

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sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

新增以下内容：

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# MariaDB 10.2 CentOS repository list - created 2017-11-11 03:24 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

系统及版本选择：https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/#mirror=tuna

安装MariaDB

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sudo yum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

安装成功之后启动MariaDB服务。

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systemctl start mariadb #启动服务
systemctl enable mariadb #设置开机启动
systemctl restart mariadb #重新启动
systemctl stop mariadb.service #停止MariaDB

登录到数据库

用mysql -uroot命令登录到MariaDB，此时root账户的密码为空。

初始化配置

进行MariaDB的相关简单配置,使用mysql_secure_installation命令进行配置。

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mysql_secure_installation

初始化MariaDB完成，接下来测试登录

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mysql -uroot -ppassword

配置MariaDB的字符集

查看/etc/my.cnf文件内容，其中包含一句!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d说明在该配置文件中引入/etc/my.cnf.d 目录下的配置文件。

使用vi server.cnf命令编辑server.cnf文件，在[mysqld]标签下添加

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init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

在[mysql]中添加

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default-character-set=utf8

全部配置完成，重启mariadb

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systemctl restart mariadb

之后进入MariaDB查看字符集

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mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";

显示结果:

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+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字符集配置完成。

添加用户，设置权限

创建用户命令

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MariaDB [(none)]> create user dev@localhost identified by 'dev123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

授予外网登陆权限

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MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to dev@'%' identified by 'dev123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

授予权限并且可以授权

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grant all privileges on *.* to dev@'hostname' identified by 'dev123456' with grant option;

查看结果：

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MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
| ::1       | root | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
| %         | dev  | *4830F76F782FF62FDDAD8358BF4F4795C98FB7DC |
| localhost | dev  | *4830F76F782FF62FDDAD8358BF4F4795C98FB7DC |
| hostname  | dev  | *4830F76F782FF62FDDAD8358BF4F4795C98FB7DC |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+

防火墙记得开放3306端口

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sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
service firewalld restart

本文标题:CentOS7安装MariaDB

文章作者:hanfeng

发布时间:2017年11月11日 - 11:11

最后更新:2018年09月13日 - 09:09

原始链接:http://blog.zhujunwang.cn/2017/11/11/CentOS7-installs-MariaDB/

许可协议: 署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际 转载请保留原文链接及作者。